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This report presents an extremely rare case of MAML2-rearranged primary central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the mandible that was discovered as an incidental finding. Our review of the literature identified 36 cases of MAML2-rearranged intraosseous lesions of the jaw (30 central MECs, 5 odontogenic cysts with mucous prosoplasia, and 1 glandular odontogenic cyst). Given the therapeutic indications for a diagnosis of MEC (a malignant neoplasm), MAML2 rearrangement should be confirmed in suspected cases of central MEC.