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<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Global maps, in particular those based on vector distributions, have long been used to help visualise the global extent of malaria. Few, however, have been created with the support of a comprehensive and extensive evidence-based approach.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Here we describe the generation of a global map of the dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria that makes use of predicted distribution maps for individual species or species complexes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our global map highlights the spatial variability in the complexity of the vector situation. In Africa, <it>An. gambiae, An. arabiensis </it>and <it>An. funestus </it>are co-dominant across much of the continent, whereas in the Asian-Pacific region there is a highly complex situation with multi-species coexistence and variable species dominance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The competence of the mapping methodology to accurately portray DVS distributions is discussed. The comprehensive and contemporary database of species-specific spatial occurrence (currently available on request) will be made directly available via the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) website from early 2012.</p>