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A new diploid cytotype of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (Rosaceae) collected in China has been revealed. Karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm. Previously, chromosome numbers in A. pilosa established by other researchers were 2n = 28; 56; 70 with basic chromosome number x = 7. All the other members of genus Agrimonia Linnaeus have the same basic chromosome number. In the meanwhile, some members of fam. Rosaceae have different basic chromosome numbers: x = 8 (e.g., in genera Amygdalus L., Aphanes L., Cerasus Mill., etc.), x = 9 (e.g., in genera Adenostoma Hook. & Arn., Chamaebatia Benth., etc.), x = 17 (e.g., in genera Amelanchier Medik., Chaenomeles Lindl., etc.). We suppose that the new basic chromosome number x = 8 was revealed in Agrimonia pilosa collected in China.