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Here, we report a thirteen years’ survivor of initial primary lung cancer, who successfully diagnosed with second primary lung cancer(SPLC). It was arising from the pneumonectomy cavity of a non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Few cases of SPLC associated with the post-pneumonectomy cavity have been reported in the literature. The histologic results of SPLC was metastatic pleomorphic carcinoma. It is a rare type of lung cancer; which incidence has been reported to range from 0.1% to 0.4% among all lung cancers. Based on regular follow-up with chest computed tomography(CT) and an understanding of post-pneumonectomy changes, the second primary pleomorphic carcinoma was correctly diagnosed and appropriately treated.