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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the more common bacterial infections in infants and children. The most common causative agent is Escherichia coli. The article describes important differences in the clinical course of UTI among different age groups of children, namely infants, toddlers, older children, and adolescents. We emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment, especially of upper urinary tract infections, to prevent the formation of scars on the kidneys.