Numerical Investigation into Optoelectronic Performance of InGaN Blue Laser in Polar, Non-Polar and Semipolar Crystal Orientation

oleh: Sourav Roy, Sharadindu Gopal Kiratnia, Priyo Nath Roy, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, Ashraful Hossain Howlader, Md. Shohanur Rahman, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Masud Rana, Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi, Md. Shofiqul Islam, Md. Biplob Hossain

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2020-11-01

Deskripsi

Recently, InGaN grown on semipolar and non-polar orientation has caused special attraction due to reduction in the built-in polarization field and increased confinement of high energy states compared to traditional polar c-plane orientation. However, any widespread-accepted report on output power and frequency response of the InGaN blue laser in non-c-plane orientation is readily unavailable. This work strives to address an exhaustive numerical investigation into the optoelectronic performance and frequency response of In<sub>0.17</sub>Ga<sub>0.83</sub>N/GaN quantum well laser in polar (0001), non-polar (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and semipolar (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) orientations by working out a 6 × 6 k.p Hamiltonian at the Γ-point using the tensor rotation technique. It is noticed that there is a considerable dependency of the piezoelectric field, energy band gap, peak optical gain, differential gain and output power on the modification in crystal orientation. Topmost optical gain of 4367 cm<sup>−1</sup> is evaluated in the semipolar (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>)-oriented laser system at an emission wavelength of 448 nm when the injection carrier density is 3.7 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. Highest lasing power and lowest threshold current are reported to be 4.08 mW and 1.45 mA in semipolar (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) crystal orientation. A state-space model is formed in order to achieve the frequency response which indicates the highest magnitude (dB) response in semipolar (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover accent="true"><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) crystal orientation.