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Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases
oleh: Mina Sadeghi Shaker, Mina Sadeghi Shaker, Mohsen Rokni, Mohsen Rokni, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Elham Farhadi, Elham Farhadi
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-01 |
Deskripsi
The Ras (rat sarcoma virus) is a GTP-binding protein that is considered one of the important members of the Ras-GTPase superfamily. The Ras involves several pathways in the cell that include proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and fibrosis. Abnormalities in the expression level and activation of the Ras family signaling pathway and its downstream kinases such as Raf/MEK/ERK1-2 contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases including immune system dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc); destruction and inflammation of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and autoantibody production and immune complexes formation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and enhance osteoblast differentiation and ossification during skeletal formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, the basic biology, signaling of Ras, and abnormalities in this pathway in rheumatic diseases including SSc, RA, AS, and SLE will be discussed.