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Geochemical studies of Egyptian soil-clay minerals from three different depths and their utilization as cationic dye adsorbents are presented. X-Ray diffraction patterns revealed that the dominant clay minerals in the studied samples were montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite. The ability of montmorillonitic soil samples to adsorb cationic dyes, namely Basic Blue 9 and Basic Red 18, was investigated at 30°C. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir model and their parameters determined. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was dependent on the structure of the dyes and the geochemical features of the soil samples.