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Metatranscriptomic Analysis and In Silico Approach Identified Mycoviruses in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus <i>Rhizophagus</i> spp.
oleh: Achal Neupane, Chenchen Feng, Jiuhuan Feng, Arjun Kafle, Heike Bücking, Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2018-12-01 |
Deskripsi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including <i>Rhizophagus</i> spp., can play important roles in nutrient cycling of the rhizosphere. However, the effect of virus infection on AMF’s role in nutrient cycling cannot be determined without first knowing the diversity of the mycoviruses in AMF. Therefore, in this study, we sequenced the <i>R</i>. <i>irregularis</i> isolate-09 due to its previously demonstrated high efficiency in increasing the N/P uptake of the plant. We identified one novel mitovirus contig of 3685 bp, further confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Also, publicly available <i>Rhizophagus</i> spp. RNA-Seq data were analyzed to recover five partial virus sequences from family <i>Narnaviridae</i>, among which four were from <i>R. diaphanum</i> MUCL-43196 and one was from <i>R. irregularis</i> strain-C2 that was similar to members of the <i>Mitovirus</i> genus. These contigs coded genomes larger than the regular mitoviruses infecting pathogenic fungi and can be translated by either a mitochondrial translation code or a cytoplasmic translation code, which was also reported in previously found mitoviruses infecting mycorrhizae. The five newly identified virus sequences are comprised of functionally conserved RdRp motifs and formed two separate subclades with mitoviruses infecting <i>Gigaspora</i> <i>margarita</i> and <i>Rhizophagus</i> <i>clarus</i>, further supporting virus-host co-evolution theory. This study expands our understanding of virus diversity. Even though AMF is notably hard to investigate due to its biotrophic nature, this study demonstrates the utility of whole root metatranscriptome.