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To our knowledge, here is the first time that Stellite SF12-Si3N4-B4C-Ce2O3 powders are deposited on a TA1 titanium alloy as the composites by a laser melted deposition (LMD) technique. It is noted that compared with a TA1 alloy substrate, an improvement of cyclic oxidation resistance is obtained for such LMD composites. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate that many nanocrystalline/amorphous phases are produced, which improve the oxidation resistance of such composites. Such composites exhibit better oxidation resistance than the composites without Ce2O3 due to the formation of denser and finer-grain scale. The effect of Ce2O3 on the formation mechanism and oxidation behavior of such composites is discussed in detail.