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The article investigates the features of the formation of the concept “industry” in Soviet literature. Analyzing the subjects of the construction of large industrial giants, the conquest of nature in Soviet literature, the author defines the characteristics that are used to shape the artistic image of industry. It is concluded that the theme of industry in Soviet literature forms not only the background, but becomes one of the main plot lines. The author notes a change in the image of industry in Soviet literature: from the heroization of the state’s industrial policy to filling it with negative characteristics in late Soviet works (and the denial in village prose). Soviet discourse, first promoting the conceptualization of the image of industry, eventually began to limit its development and did not contribute to filling with additional axiological characteristics.