Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
The Role of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Sparks in Force Frequency Relationships in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes
oleh: Roshan Paudel, Mohsin Saleet Jafri, Aman Ullah
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-10-01 |
Deskripsi
Calcium sparks are the elementary Ca<sup>2+</sup> release events in excitation-contraction coupling that underlie the Ca<sup>2+</sup> transient. The frequency-dependent contractile force generated by cardiac myocytes depends upon the characteristics of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients. A stochastic computational local control model of a guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocyte was developed, to gain insight into mechanisms of force-frequency relationship (FFR). This required the creation of a new three-state RyR2 model that reproduced the adaptive behavior of RyR2, in which the RyR2 channels transition into a different state when exposed to prolonged elevated subspace [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]. The model simulations agree with previous experimental and modeling studies on interval-force relations. Unlike previous common pool models, this local control model displayed stable action potential trains at 7 Hz. The duration and the amplitude of the [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>myo</sub> transients increase in pacing rates consistent with the experiments. The [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>myo</sub> transient reaches its peak value at 4 Hz and decreases afterward, consistent with experimental force-frequency curves. The model predicts, in agreement with previous modeling studies of Jafri and co-workers, diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum, [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>sr</sub>, and RyR2 adaptation increase with the increased stimulation frequency, producing rising, rather than falling, amplitude of the myoplasmic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] transients. However, the local control model also suggests that the reduction of the L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current, with an increase in pacing frequency due to Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent inactivation, also plays a role in the negative slope of the FFR. In the simulations, the peak Ca<sup>2+</sup> transient in the FFR correlated with the highest numbers of SR Ca<sup>2+</sup> sparks: the larger average amplitudes of those sparks, and the longer duration of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> sparks.