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Nanoscale MgO powders were fabricated via a microwave-induced solution combustion process using Mg(NO3)2 and starch as starting materials. Effects of the relative fuel-to-oxidant ratios (φe = 1.1, 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8, respectively) on characteristics of MgO nanoparticles were also investigated. The XRD analysis discloses that MgO nanocrystalline are successfully synthesized and the crystalline size of MgO increases remarkably with increasing of φe from 0.8 to 1.1. TEM images reveal that nanoporous agglomerates of MgO nanocrystalline are formed in the powders. Experimental results show that the average particles’ size of the powders decreases significantly as φe increases from 0.8 to 1.1. However, the powders from the precursors with φe equal to 1.0 exhibit larger specific surface area as compared the other powders.