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Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), a lignocellulosic bast fiber, has been explored here as an ultraviolet blocker due to the presence of natural lignin of about 19% on its surface. Various woven fabrics are prepared with various dhaincha/jute-blended yarns as weft to measure ultraviolet (UV) protection ability, drying rate, and thermal conductivity. Effect of linear density of blended yarn, blend ratio, and pick density of the prepared fabrics on UV protection ability, drying rate, and thermal conductivity have been studied and optimized using 33 Box–Behnken response surface design. The optimum level of these parameters to obtain high UV protection, high drying rate, and high thermal conductivity are reported. The UV protection factor (UPF), drying rate, and thermal conductivity of the fabric are achieved as high as 92.68, 0.3589 ml/H, and 0.185754 W/mK, respectively. The presence of lignin in jute and dhaincha fibers is evidenced by FTIR study. This research work establishes the new application of dhaincha fiber in the field of textiles for UV protection and thermal comfort.