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Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) is a crop that can produce resveratrol, a compound with various biological properties, such as those that exert antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, <i>trans</i>-resveratrol was detected in the roots, leaves, and stems of tan and purple seed coat peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogaea)</i> cultivated in a growth chamber. Both cultivars showed higher levels of resveratrol in the roots than the other plant parts. Thus, both cultivars were inoculated with <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes,</i> in vitro, to promote hairy root development, thereby producing enhanced levels of <i>t</i>-resveratrol. After 1 month of culture, hairy roots from the two cultivars showed higher levels of fresh weight than those of seedling roots. Furthermore, both cultivars contained higher <i>t</i>-resveratrol levels than those of their seedling roots (6.88 ± 0.21 mg/g and 28.07 ± 0.46 mg/g, respectively); however, purple seed coat peanut hairy roots contained higher <i>t</i>-resveratrol levels than those of tan seed coat peanut hairy roots, ranging from 70.16 to 166.76 mg/g and from 46.61 to 54.31 mg/g, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that peanut hairy roots could be a good source for <i>t</i>-resveratrol production due to their rapid growth, high biomass, and substantial amount of resveratrol.