Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
An Anisotropic Hydrogel by Programmable Ionic Crosslinking for Sequential Two-Stage Actuation under Single Stimulus
oleh: Yanjing Zhang, Xingyu Cao, Yuyu Zhao, Huahuo Li, Shengwei Xiao, Zhangxin Chen, Guobo Huang, Ye Sun, Zhenzhong Liu, Zhicai He
Format: | Article |
---|---|
Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-03-01 |
Deskripsi
As one of the most important anisotropic intelligent materials, bi-layer stimuli-responsive actuating hydrogels have proven their wide potential in soft robots, artificial muscles, biosensors, and drug delivery. However, they can commonly provide a simple one-actuating process under one external stimulus, which severely limits their further application. Herein, we have developed a new anisotropic hydrogel actuator by local ionic crosslinking on the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel layer of the bi-layer hydrogel for sequential two-stage bending under a single stimulus. Under pH = 13, ionic-crosslinked PAA networks undergo shrinking (-COO<sup>−</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> complexation) and swelling (water absorption) processes. As a combination of Fe<sup>3+</sup> crosslinked PAA hydrogel (PAA@Fe<sup>3+</sup>) with non-swelling poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (PZ) hydrogel, the as-prepared PZ-PAA@Fe<sup>3+</sup> bi-layer hydrogel exhibits distinct fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending behavior. Such sequential two-stage actuation, including bending orientation, angle, and velocity, can be controlled by pH, temperature, hydrogel thickness, and Fe<sup>3+</sup> concentration. Furthermore, hand-patterning Fe<sup>3+</sup> to crosslink with PAA enables us to achieve various complex 2D and 3D shape transformations. Our work provides a new bi-layer hydrogel system that performs sequential two-stage bending without switching external stimuli, which will inspire the design of programmable and versatile hydrogel-based actuators.