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<strong><strong><em></em></strong></strong><p align="left"><strong>Background</strong>: <span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Pathogenic bacteria because of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes are </span>dangerous to society. This resistance due to ESBL genes, plasmids and transposons that by receiving or mutation occurs. The most important factor beta-lactam antibiotic resistance is beta lactamase enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hospital opportunistic pathogenic bacteria producing ESBL and CTX-M genes identified are molecular methods.</p><p align="left"><strong>Methods</strong> <span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">: In this study, 500 isolates from patients in the ICU of hospitals in the city of Qom was </span>diagnosed by standard biochemical tests. Combined disk test for isolated resistant strains of ESBL was performed in order to identify. Then, strains producing ESBL, DNA extraction and CTX-M genes were detected by PCR.</p><p align="left"><strong>Results</strong><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> : A total of 500 strains isolated, 20 strains (51.28%) of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">P. aeruginosa </span></em></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">strains, 40 strains</span>(62.5%) of <em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">E. coli </span></em></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">strains, 38 strains (48.1%) of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">K. pneumoniae </span></em></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">strains, 8 strains (33.33%) </span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">A.</span></em>baumannii <span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">bacteria strains and 4 strains (23.52%) of the strains of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Enterobacter </span></em></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">were carrying </span>CTX-M genes.</p><p align="left"><strong>Conclusions</strong> <span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Times New Roman;">: This study represents a high percentage of beta-lactamase resistance among </span>hospital opportunistic pathogens bacteria. Due to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance carried out detailed antibiogram tests in infections caused by ESBL-producing organisms is necessary.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"> </p>