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AIM: To analyze the risk factors of corneal epithelial dysfunction(CED)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).<p>METHODS: Clinical data of 235 patients with 235 eyes of PPV from July 2016 to June 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The age, sex and related medical history of the patients(such as ocular lesions and systemic diseases)were collected, and the intraocular fillers, operation time, postoperative intraocular pressure were recorded. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CED after PPV.<p>RESULTS: The incidence of CED after PPV was 16.6%(39/235), and the incidence of persistent corneal epithelial lesion was 1.3%(3/235). Logistic regression showed that age, preoperative xerophthalmia, diabetes mellitus, Silicone oil filling, postoperative high intraocular pressure and operation time were risk factors for CED after PPV. The <i>OR</i> values were 1.270, 5.218, 18.598, 4.659, 10.799 and 1.104, respectively.<p>CONCLUSION: Age, preoperative xerophthalmia, diabetes mellitus, silicone oil filling, postoperative high intraocular pressure and operation time are risk factors for CED after PPV.