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PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 Status and Relationship in a Prostate Cancer Cohort from Jordanian Arab Population
oleh: Samir Al Bashir, Mohammed S. Alorjani, Khalid Kheirallah, Mohammad Al Hamad, Husam K. Haddad, Ahmad Al-Dwairy, Baha A. Bani-Fawwaz, Najla Aldaoud, Omar Halalsheh, Saddam Amawi, Ismail I. Matalka
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-01-01 |
Deskripsi
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) include PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. Their relationships and patterns of expression in PCa in developing countries, including Jordan, have not yet been investigated. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A tissue microarray (TMA) of PCa patients was taken from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 130 patients. PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 expression profiles were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with each other and other clinicopathological factors. <i>Results</i>: PTEN loss of any degree was observed in 42.9% of PCa cases. ERG and TFF3 were expressed in 59.3% and 46.5% of PCa cases, respectively. SPINK1 expression was observed in 6 out of 104 PCa cases (5.4%). Among all PCa cases (<i>n</i> = 104), 3.8% (<i>n</i> = 4) showed SPINK1+/ERG+ phenotype, 1.9% (<i>n</i> = 2) showed SPINK1+/ERG- phenotype, 56.7% (<i>n</i> = 59) showed SPINK1-/ERG+ phenotype, and 37.5% showed SPINK1-/ERG- phenotype (<i>n</i> = 39). Among ERG positive cases (<i>n</i> = 63), 6.3% were SPINK1 positive. Among SPINK1 positive cases (<i>n</i> = 6), 66.7% were ERG positive. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3 (6/6). Additionally, a statistically significant loss of PTEN expression was observed from Gleason Score 6 (GS6) (Grade Group 1 (GG1)) to GS9-10 (GG5); (<i>p</i>-value 0.019). <i>Conclusions</i>: This is the first study to look at the status of the PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 genes in a Jordanian Arab population. Loss of PTEN has been linked to more aggressive prostate cancer with high GSs/GGs. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3. Our results call for screening these biomarkers for grading and molecular subtyping of the disease.