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<p>Climate warming in high latitudes impacts <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> sequestration of the northern peatlands through the changes in production and decomposition processes. The response of the net <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere to climate change and weather anomalies can vary across forest and non-forest peatlands. To better understand the differences in <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> dynamics at forest and non-forest boreal peatlands induced by changes in environmental conditions, the estimates of interannual variability in the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), total ecosystem respiration (TER), and gross primary production (GPP) was obtained at two widespread peatland ecosystems – paludified spruce forest and the adjacent ombrotrophic bog in the southern taiga of west Russia using 6 years of paired eddy covariance flux measurements. Both positive and negative annual and growing season air temperature and precipitation anomalies were observed in the period of measurement (2015–2020). Flux measurements showed that, in spite of the lower growing season TER (<span class="inline-formula">332±17</span> … <span class="inline-formula">339±15</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>) and GPP (<span class="inline-formula">442±13</span> … <span class="inline-formula">464±</span> 11 gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>) rates, the bog had a higher <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> uptake rates (NEE was <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">132</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">11</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="57c9a9460ae4f0a23325e2e50df6fd47"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00001.svg" width="52pt" height="10pt" src="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> … <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">108</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="46pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ef448c4de1251c24e931ac944be839e4"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00002.svg" width="46pt" height="10pt" src="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) than the forest, except for the warmest and the wettest year of the period (2020), and was an atmospheric <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> sink in the selected years, while the forest was a <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> sink or source, depending on the environmental conditions. Growing season NEE at the forest site was between <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">142</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">48</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="dad6638e38de09a3cdbfdab52e8d5bfa"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00003.svg" width="52pt" height="10pt" src="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula">28±40</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>, TER between <span class="inline-formula">1135±64</span> and <span class="inline-formula">1366±58</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>, and GPP between <span class="inline-formula">1207±66</span> and <span class="inline-formula">1462±107</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>. Annual NEE at the forest was between <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">62</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">49</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="46pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ce48cf16d2a22c54cd90fd773e949280"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00004.svg" width="46pt" height="10pt" src="acp-23-2273-2023-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula">145±41</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>, TER between <span class="inline-formula">1429±87</span> and <span class="inline-formula">1652±44</span> C m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>, and GPP between <span class="inline-formula">1345±89</span> and <span class="inline-formula">1566±41</span> gC m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span>, respectively. Under the anomalously warm winter conditions with sparse and thin snow cover (2019/2020), the increased daily GPP, TER, and net <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> uptake at the forest was observed, while at the bog, the changes in <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> fluxes between the warm and cold winters were not significant. This study suggests that the warming in winter can increase the <span class="inline-formula">CO₂</span> uptake of the paludified spruce forests of the southern taiga in non-growing seasons.</p>