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Peri-implantitis is the pathological condition of connective tissue inflammation and the progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. One of the primary causes of peri mucositis evolving into peri-implantitis is bacterial infection, including infection from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. Enhancing the surface smoothness of implants helps to prevent <i>P. gingivalis</i> adhesion to the implant’s surface. Interaction analyses between bacteria and the surface roughness of zirconia (Zr) discs subjected to a glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatment compared with non-plasma-treated autoclaved control Zr discs were done. Examinations of the material prosperities revealed that the GDP-treated Zr group had a smoother surface for a better wettability. The GDP-treated Zr discs improved the proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells MG-63, and the osteoblastic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase detection and marker gene bone sialoprotein (Bsp) and osteocalcin (OC) induction. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a relatively low <i>P. gingivalis</i> adhesion on GDP-treated Zr disks, as well as lower colonization of <i>P. gingivalis</i> compared with the control. Our findings confirmed that the GDP treatment of Zr discs resulted in a significant reduction of <i>P. gingivalis</i> adhesion and growth, demonstrating a positive correlation between surface roughness and bacteria adhesion. Therefore, the GDP treatment of Zr dental implants can provide a method for reducing the risk of peri-implantitis.