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This article attempts to reconstruct a controversial development of Yugoslav Alkaloid Factory S & F Ognjanović in Skopje during the late 1930s, which has been renamed to Alkaloid-Skopje soon after the nationalization took place in June 1945. By using the unpublished archival material, I will try to present the unusual professional transformation of the Ognjanović brothers – from the dairy industrialists to the leading (legal) opium processors in the Balkans. I will also show how the intensity of their illicit activities has rapidly deteriorated Yugoslav-American economic relations, obstructing the legal export in the United States whose pharmaceutical factories were the main consumers or the Yugoslav raw opium