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Background: ²³Na MRI correlates with tumor proliferation, and studies in pediatric patients are lacking. The purpose of the study: (1) to compare total sodium concentration (TSC) between pediatric glioma and non-neoplastic brain tissue using ²³Na MRI; (2) compare tissue conspicuity of bound sodium concentration (BSC) using ²³Na MRI dual echo relative to TSC imaging. Methods: TSC was measured in: (1) non-neoplastic brain tissues and (2) three types of manually segmented gliomas (diffuse intrinsic brainstem glioma (DIPG), recurrent supratentorial low-grade glioma (LGG), and high-grade glioma (HGG)). In a subset of patients, serial changes in both TSC and BSC (dual echo ²³Na MRI) were assessed. Results: Twenty-six pediatric patients with gliomas (median age of 12.0 years, range 4.9–23.3 years) were scanned with ²³Na MRI. DIPG treated with RT demonstrated higher TSC values than the uninvolved infratentorial tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Recurrent supratentorial LGG and HGG exhibited higher TSC values than the uninvolved white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) (<i>p</i> < 0.002 for LGG, and <i>p</i> < 0.02 for HGG). The dual echo ²³Na MRI suppressed the sodium signal within both CSF and necrotic foci. Conclusion: Quantitative ²³Na MRI of pediatric gliomas demonstrates a range of values that are higher than non-neoplastic tissues. Dual echo ²³Na MRI of BCS improves tissue conspicuity relative to TSC imaging.