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Probiotics are being used in diets to improve the quality of chicken meat. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with <i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> S62-9 microbial agent on the meat quality, amino acids, and volatile compounds of chicken. The experiment was carried out with 160 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens, rearing for 42 d. The chickens were randomly divided into two groups of 8 replicates each, with 10 chickens in each group. No supplement was added to the basal diet in the control group and <i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> S62-9 microbial agent was added to the diet of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the meat quality, meat chemical composition, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of chicken were determined. The results showed that pH (<i>p</i> < 0.05), pressing loss (<i>p</i> < 0.05), cooking loss (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and shear force (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were notably decreased, the percentage of breast meat (<i>p</i> < 0.01), protein content (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were visibly increased, and remarkable changes were observed in the amino acid composition (change in seven amino acids) and volatile compounds profile (an increase of about 20-fold in the contents of 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal). In summary, it was found that <i>Brevibacillus laterosporus</i> S62-9 microbial agent can be used as a novel and effective feed supplement to improve the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of broilers.