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The prevalence of malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer is estimated to be as high as 78.9%. Malnutrition in esophageal cancer is significantly correlated with an increased risk of treatment toxicity and postoperative complications. It is therefore important to maintain an optimal nutritional status, particularly during the course of neoadjuvant chemoradiation. This article aims to review the mechanism, evaluation, and management strategies of malnutrition for patients with esophageal cancer. The optimal management strategy involved both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. We hope that by increasing awareness among professionals, early detection and timely intervention could lead to improved care.