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Fungal infections occurring in immunocompromised patients after immuno-chemotherapy treatment, are often difficult to eradicate and capable of even being fatal. Systemic mycoses affecting severely immunocompromised patients often manifest acutely with rapidly progressive pneumonia, fungemia, or manifestations of extrapulmonary dissemination. Opportunistic fungal infections (mycoses) include several pathogens elements, as Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) and Fusariosis. Prompt diagnosis and effective therapy are needed to improve the associated morbidity and mortality, especially in cases with non-canonical fungal localizations and not responsive to the available antifungal drugs.