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The purpose of paper is to present a conceptual model of the IOT-based online monitoring system to improve the distribution system‌‌ of pharmaceutical, using the agent-based modeling approach.First, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing industry experts, the basic concepts are extracted and using the grounded-theory method, the conceptual grounded-theory model is compiled; finally, using the obtained model and performing the agent-based modeling steps, the conceptual model of the agent-based is extracted.Based on the findings, data quality, information and communication technology infrastructure, automatic measurement and evaluation, and automatic action and evaluation are among the factors affecting the IoT-based online monitoring system. Also, the agents of the organization, customers, suppliers, governance and information technology infrastructure, interact with each other and with the environment. Based on the results, the IoT-based online monitoring system is an effective way to improve processes, and decision makers can make smarter decisions with this approach.