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Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (AAPB) are a kind of heterotrophic prokaryote that can use bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) for photosynthesis without oxygen production and they are widely distributed in aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. A novel aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium strain XJSP^T was isolated during a study of water microbial diversity in Sayram Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Strain XJSP^T was found to grow optimally at 33 °C, pH 7.5 with 1.0% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) NaCl, and to produce bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and concatenated alignment sequences of 120 ubiquitous single-copy proteins both supported that strain XJSP^T belonged to the genus <i>Pseudotabrizicola</i>. Both average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values were below the species delineation threshold. The primary polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown lipid, and one unidentified phospholipid. Based on the results of polyphasic analyses performed in this study, strain XJSP^T represents a new member of the genus <i>Pseudotabrizicola</i>, for which the name <i>Pseudotabrizicola formosa</i> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJSP^T (= KCTC 52636^T = MCCC 1H00184^T = SDUM 107003^T). Comparative genomic analysis showed that four species of the genus <i>Pseudotabrizicola</i> shared 2570 core genes and possessed a complete anoxygenic photosystem II.