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The fundamental aim of this article is to reconstruct the profile of the Diocese of Buenos Aires and the ‘religious equipment’ of its territory at the beginning of the 19th century. Within this framework, it reviews the main contributions of missionary and ecclesiastical historiography for Río de la Plata, to account for the representations of the diocesan space, which are usually fragmentary and limited to the headquarters of institutional power. Based on the information provided by the episcopal visitation of Bishop Lué y Riega, it proposes a series of cartographic exercises using a Geographic Information System tool. This approach sheds new light on the institutionalization and territorial configuration of religious devices and their jurisdictional reach.