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Background and objective The brachytherapy with iodine seeds is characterized by radioactive 125I very close to or in contact with the target organ. This study is to evaluate the clinical value of implanted radioactive 125I-seed in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Methods Sixty-three cases of lung cancer were enrolled in this study, and in every case, 125I-seeds were planted into tumor mass guided by CT. Serum CEA, CA125, NSE and CYFRA21-1 weredetected by radioimmunoassay in lung cancer patients before and after planting. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by WHO standards. The relation between the therapeutic effect and the tumor markers levels was observed. Results Just one month after planting, the levels of serum CEA, CA125, NSE and CYFRA21-1 were induced significantly in all cases. There was no significant difference among 1 month, 3 month and 6 month in the levels of tumor markers after therapy. Conclusion 125I-seed could effectively decrease the level of tumor markers in the treatment of lung cancer patients.