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The solid–liquid phase C-alkylation of active methylene containing compounds with C=O or P=O functions under phase transfer catalysis or microwave conditions has been summarized in this minireview. The mono- and dialkylation of the methylene containing derivatives was investigated under microwave (MW) conditions. It was found that in many cases, there was no need to use phase transfer catalyst under MW conditions. Moreover, most of the reactions were carried out without any solvent. These results mean a serious green chemical advantage.