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This paper reviews the use of organofunctional trialkoxysilane sol-gel precursors as contemporary fi nishing agents for the chemical modification of textile fires. The structures of organofunctional trialkoxysilanes are presented and compared to those of other silicon-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials. We describe the steps in the application procedure and the polysilsesquioxane coating fabrication on the surface of textile fibres. The functionalities, e.g., water and oil repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial properties, electrical conductivity and anti-static properties, are discussed in relation to the chemical structures of the precursor organic moiety, mechanisms and principals of the coating activity and its washing fastness. The most important published scientific results on organofunctional trialkoxysilanes applications to the surface of textile fibres are discussed with an emphasis on the creation of a multicomponent coating with multifunctional protective properties.