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Determination of the appropriate following distance between ships is essential for their safe passage through navigation tunnels. In this study, it uses the following theory of traffic flow to establish a model that enables the calculation of the following distance between ships in a navigation tunnel. Based on the proposed model, the study also introduces an approach to calculate and control the following distance at different risk levels in order to control the passage intervals within a navigation tunnel. In addition, the study tests the model using data for the second line navigation tunnel of the Silin Junction in the Wujiang River, China and compare the results with existing distance control parameters for ships in the Goupitan first line navigation tunnel in the Wujiang River. The proposed model can effectively reduce the risk of ship navigation in tunnels by providing reference information for safe ship navigation, thus allowing operational and management staff to ensure adherence to safety procedures within the navigation tunnel.