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Electrolytic in-process dressing grinding holds tremendous promise for ultra-precision grinding on hard and brittle materials. Besides oxide films on the grinding wheels, it is important to study the content generation and transformation of α-Fe 2 O 3 inside the oxide film and its effect on polishing process. In this study, X-ray diffractometer measurement was performed in electrolytic in-process dressing grinding with different grinding wheels in order to investigate the content and transformation procedure of α-Fe 2 O 3 . The non-abrasive iron-bonded wheels showed significantly improved polishing performance with better surface quality.