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As the most abundant cells in blood, red blood cells have been gradually found to not only transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, but also participate in immune regulation in many ways. Recently, many studies have found that red blood cells participate in immune regulation under normal physiological and infectious conditions through TLR9, and confirmed that red blood cells can participate in immune response through surface glycoprotein, and confirmed that red blood cells participate in the progress and immune regulation of infectious diseases through surface complement receptors and binding cytokines. This paper summarizes the research progress of the role of red blood cells in infectious immune response through the above molecules, so as to increase the comprehensive understanding of the role of red blood cells in infectious immunity.