Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) Exposure on Calorie Intake and Appetite of Outdoor Workers

oleh: Thavin Kumar Mathana Sundram, Eugenie Sin Sing Tan, Hwee San Lim, Farahnaz Amini, Normina Ahmad Bustami, Pui Yee Tan, Navedur Rehman, Yu Bin Ho, Chung Keat Tan

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2022-11-01

Deskripsi

Malaysia has been experiencing smoke-haze episodes almost annually for the past few decades. PM<sub>2.5</sub> is the main component in haze and causes harmful impacts on health due to its small aerodynamic size. This study aimed to explore the implications of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure on the dietary intake of working individuals. Two phased 13-weeks follow-up study was conducted involving 440 participants, consisting of two cohorts of outdoor and indoor workers. Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were monitored using DustTrakTM DRX Aerosol Monitor. Data on Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) and 24 h diet recall were collected weekly. The highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration of 122.90 ± 2.07 µg/m<sup>3</sup> was recorded in August, and it vastly exceeded the standard value stipulated by US EPA and WHO. SNAQ scores and calorie intake were found to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) associated with changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure of outdoor workers. Several moderate and positive correlations (R-value ranged from 0.4 to 0.6) were established between SNAQ scores, calorie intake and PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. Overall findings suggested that long hours of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure affect personal dietary intake, potentially increasing the risk of metabolic syndromes and other undesired health conditions. The current policy should be strengthened to safeguard the well-being of outdoor workers.