Assessing the In Vitro Individual and Combined Effect of <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> and <i>A. musiformis</i> (Orbiliales) Liquid Culture Filtrates against Infective Larvae of the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> (Trichostrongylidae)

oleh: Antonio Colinas-Picazo, Pedro Mendoza-de Gives, Gustavo Pérez-Anzúrez, Enrique Gutiérrez-Medina, Génesis Andrea Bautista-García, Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez, Agustín Olmedo-Juárez

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-06-01

Deskripsi

Background: <i>Arthrobotrys</i> species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i> (<i>Ao</i>) and <i>A. musiformis</i> (<i>Am</i>) growth in liquid media against <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> L3 (HcL3) were assessed. Methods: The isolation, morphological (MI) and molecular identification (Mol-I), assessment of nematocidal activity (NA) of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) in two liquid media alone and in combination and the myco-compound profile identification (MCP) were performed. Results: The MI suggested that the fungi corresponded to the species <i>Ao</i> and <i>Am</i>. This result was confirmed by PCR analysis followed by sequencing, alignment and a phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, the highest <i>Hc</i> mortalities were 91.4% with individual LCF of <i>Am</i> and 86.2% with those of <i>Ao</i> at the highest concentration (100 mg/mL) in Czapek-Dox Broth. The combination of both LCF resulted in a similarly high larval mortality with no statistical differences in relation to individual activity (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The MCP showed the presence of alkaloids in both fungi. Coumarins, sterols and saponins were found only in <i>Ao</i>. Main conclusions: Both fungi produced ECP with a high NA that could be identified and assessed in future studies as potential natural anthelmintic compounds.