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The article outlines the relationship between meteorological variables and the parts of an agroecosystem which might be significantly influenced by climate change in the Czech Republic. It describes the most often applied scenarios under which projections of changes in meteorological variables up to the year 2050 and their impacts on winter wheat and spring barley yields can be made. It outlines the probable impacts of drought as the most significant hydrometeorological extreme in field production. Finally, case-studies are presented of predicted changes in occurrence of European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and predicted changes location and area of zones suitable for the production of different crops.