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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are essential for increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines to improve their thermal efficiency. Continuous exposure to flames is known to affect the thermal properties of TBCs, degrading the performance of gas turbines as a consequence. In this study, we quantified the changes in the thermal conductivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings with respect to various heat treatment temperatures and times. The coating exhibited an increase in thermal conductivity after heat treatment, with higher heat treatment temperatures resulting in greater thermal conductivity. The coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy before and after heat treatment. Results showed that there was little change in thermal conductivity due to phase changes and grain size. We conclude that pore structures, i.e., circular and lamellar pores, affected the change in thermal conductivity. Specifically, we confirmed that the change in thermal conductivity depends on the size of the lamellar pores.