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This study describes the occurrence and parasitic indices of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis in Leporinus piau and Triportheus angulatus. The fish were caught during the period of August, 2012 to June, 2013, in Marechal Dutra reservoir and river Acauã, both located in Rio Grande do Norte. A total of 54 fish were examined, of which 34 individuals were of L. piau and 20 of T. angulatus. For L. piau a prevalence of 47%, average intensity of 2.0 parasites per fish and average abundance of 0.94 parasites per fish were recorded. For T. angulatus a prevalence of P. (S.) saofranciscencis was 40%, average intensity of 1.87 parasites per fish and average abundance of 0.75 parasites per fish sampled. Parasite prevalence was 17.65%, 8.82% and 20.59% for males, females and for unidentified sex of L. piau, respectively. Parasite prevalence was 5%, 10% and 25% for males, females and for unidentified sex of T. angulatus, respectively. This first report of P. (S.) saofranciscencis in L. piau and T. angulatus presented low levels of parasitism. This study expands the knowledge about the occurrence of nematodes in the Brazilian semiarid region. Keywords: Procamallanus; Leporinus piau; Triportheus angulatus; parasitic indices; nematode.