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<i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> belongs to the Campanulaceae family and is an important medicinal and food plant in East Asia. However, on the whole, the genome evolution of <i>P. grandiflorum</i> and the molecular basis of its major biochemical pathways are poorly understood. We reported a chromosome-scale genome assembly of <i>P. grandiflorum</i> based on a hybrid method using Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Illumina sequences, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis. The assembled genome was finalized as 574 Mb, containing 41,355 protein-coding genes, and the genome completeness was assessed as 97.6% using a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analysis. The <i>P. grandiflorum</i> genome comprises nine pseudo-chromosomes with 56.9% repeat sequences, and the transcriptome analysis revealed an expansion of the 14 <i>beta-amylin</i> genes related to triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. Our findings provide an understanding of <i>P. grandiflorum</i> genome evolution and enable genomic-assisted breeding for the mass production of important components such as triterpenoid saponins.