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Pollen analysis was carried out on an 80-cm sedimentary section on the shore of Lake Tere-Khol (southeastern Tuva). The section consists of peat overlapping lake loams and covers the last 2800 years. The alternation of dry-wet and cold-warm epochs has been established, and changes in heat and moisture occurred non-simultaneously. The first half of the studied  interval, from 2.8 to 1.35 kyr BP was relatively arid and warmer on average. Against this background, temperature fluctuations occurred: relatively cold intervals 2.8–2.6 and 2.05–1.7  kyr BP and relatively warm 2.6-2.05 and 1.7-1.35  kyr BP. The next time interval 1.35-0.7  kyr BP was relatively humid. Against this background, the temperatures varied from cold 1.35-1.1  kyr BP to relatively warm  1.1–0.7 kyr BP. The last 700 years have been relatively cold with a short warming from 400 to 250 years ago. This period included a relatively dry interval 700–400  years ago and more humid climate in the last 400 years. The established  climate  variability largely corresponds  to other climate reconstructions in the Altai-Sayan  region.  The general  cooling trend corresponds  to an astronomically determined  trend towards  a decrease  in solar radiation  in temperate  latitudes  of the Northern  Hemisphere,  and the centennial  temperature  fluctuations  detected against this background  correspond  well to changes in solar activity  reconstructed  from  14C production  and the concentration  of cosmogenic isotopes  in Greenland  ice.  Against the general  tendency  towards  aridization, alternating  wet and dry phases  correspond well to changes in the activity of the Asian monsoon, established by the oxygen-isotope composition of speleothems in South China.