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Trends in the last decades, such as the rapid development and rising of China or the convergence of its absolute economic indicators to those of the USA, are significant elements of today’s world economy. In this paper we analyze the external trade of these two economic powers: the focus of the research is on the openness of trade, the import and export structure and economic interdependence. The main questions are to what extent the external trade of the two examined countries is interdependent and whether the current Chinese economic growth is sustainable.