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Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a high-glycemic state that occurs during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the major cause of it. Studies reveal that GDM has long-term adverse impacts on mothers and offspring, such as maternal type 2 diabetes, premature birth and stillbirth in newborns, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders in adult offspring. In recent years, studies on the transcription level of GDM and metabonomics have provided new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM. This article reviews the transcriptional levels and metabolomics studies involving GDM and cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring, which may provide insight to the long-term health of pregnant women and offspring.