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Perioperative blood volume monitoring and treatment is an important part of clinical anesthesia, which is essential for restoring effective blood volume, ensuring oxygen supply to organs and tissues, and stabilizing the internal environment. It is also an important part of rapid recovery after surgery. Selecting appropriate blood volume monitoring methods and reasonable fluid therapy during the perioperative period can optimize the hemodynamics of patients. But there is still some controversy about the intraoperative blood volume monitoring scheme. This article intended to analyze and review the characteristics and clinical value of various perioperative blood volume monitoring methods, and explore the strategies of perioperative blood volume monitoring and treatment, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing or reducing postoperative complications and improving the prognosis of patients.