SO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Oil Shale Oxyfuel Combustion in a 60 kWth Circulating Fluidized Bed

oleh: Mais Baqain, Dmitri Neshumayev, Alar Konist

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2024-09-01

Deskripsi

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) have emerged as pivotal technologies for curtailing emissions while maintaining fossil fuel. Estonia faces a challenge due to its dependence on carbon-intensive oil shale, but the need for energy security, highlighted by the war in Ukraine, makes reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions a priority while maintaining energy independence. In this context, the presented study determines the environmental impact of combustion of the Estonian oil shale from the release of SO<sub>2</sub> emission and compares sulfur retention in the ash between different oxyfuel combustion campaigns in a 60 kWth CFB test facility. The pilot was operated under air, O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>, and with recycled flue gas (RFG), and we tested the application of extremely high inlet O<sub>2</sub> up to 87%<sub>vol</sub>. The key objective of this study is to examine how different combustion atmospheres, operating temperatures, and excess oxygen ratios influence SO<sub>2</sub> formation. Additionally, the research focuses on analyzing anhydrite (CaSO<sub>4</sub>), calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>), and lime (CaO) in ash samples collected from the dense bed region (bottom ash) and the external heat exchanger (circulating ash). The results indicate that increased inlet O<sub>2</sub>% does not significantly affect SO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Compared to air-firing, SO<sub>2</sub> emissions were higher than 40 mg/MJ under a 21/79%<sub>vol</sub> O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> environment but were significantly reduced, approaching zero, as the inlet O<sub>2</sub>% increased to 50%. Under O<sub>2</sub>/RFG conditions, higher SO<sub>2</sub> concentrations led to increased sulfur retention in both the bottom and circulating ash. The optimal temperature for sulfur retention in air and oxyfuel combustions is below 850 °C. This study for the first time provides a technical model and discusses the effects of operating parameters on sulfur emissions of the Estonian oil shale CFB oxyfuel combustion.