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The article focuses on the social-lexical history of the terms fraternité and solidarité in France during the first half of the 19th century. In particular, the author highlights how, in 1848, fratenité is both used in the motto of the Republic and associated with the defeated socialist republicanism. Then, the author focuses on its synonymous, solidarité, and he reconstructs the different contexts of use of this term (fiscal, legal, religious, economic and political contexts), in order to show that its use in the social context accompanies the formation of the first sociological approach with a republican-saint-simonian matrix.