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The anonymous grammar published in 1559 in Leuven provides an overview of the various languages spoken at that time in the Iberian Peninsula. The grammar presented the languages in a hierarchical order, based especially on the age, establishing the line Basque-Arab-Catalan- Spanish, which is not labeled as such but as vulgar language of Spain. The text provides significant exposure, although imperfect and somewhat confusing, of Iberian linguistic plurality on the mid-sixteenth century. This article presents and contextualizes the statements appeared in the anonymous work in the debate of the time in which it was published.