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The results of X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and FTIR spectroscopy analyses of mineral composition indicated that the El-Lajjun oil shale is principally composed of calcite, quartz with minor amounts of kaolinite), gypsum, and apatite. The obtained oil shale ash products at 830oC and 1030oC are dominated by lime, quartz, anhydrite, portlandite, gehlenite, and amorphous phases. The TGA weight loss curves clearly indicate that it occurred in the temperature range from 310 to 650ºC. The decomposition of oil shale carbonates was detected above 750ºC. The functional groups in the organic material of oil shale are dominated by the aliphatic hydrocarbons, the semi-ash of which had diverse structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The most intensive of combustion occurred in the temperature range of 400–750°C. In this temperature range, about 75 wt. % was accounted for the total mass loss.