Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
Simultaneous Use of ROCK Inhibitors and EP2 Agonists Induces Unexpected Effects on Adipogenesis and the Physical Properties of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes
oleh: Yosuke Ida, Megumi Watanabe, Hiroshi Ohguro, Fumihito Hikage
Format: | Article |
---|---|
Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-04-01 |
Deskripsi
To elucidate the additive effects of an EP2 agonist, omidenepag (OMD) or butaprost (Buta) on the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, ripasudil (Rip) on adipose tissue, two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed by lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including collagen (Col) -1, -4 and -6, and fibronectin (Fn), and the sizes and physical properties of 3D organoids, as measured by a micro-squeezer. The results indicate that adipogenesis induced (1) an enlargement of the 3D organoids; (2) a substantial enhancement in lipid staining as well as the expression of the <i>Ppar</i>γ, <i>Ap2</i> and <i>Leptin</i> genes; (3) a significant softening of the 3D organoids, the effects of which were all enhanced by Rip except for <i>Ppar</i>γ expression; and (4) a significant downregulation in <i>Col1</i> and <i>Fn</i>, and a significant upregulation in <i>Col4</i>, <i>Col6</i>, the effects of which were unchanged by Rip. When adding the EP2 agonist to Rip, (1) the sizes of the 3D organoids were reduced substantially; (2) lipid staining was increased (OMD), or decreased (Buta); (3) the stiffness of the 3D organoids was substantially increased in Buta; (4-1) the expression of <i>Ppar</i>γ was suppressed (2D, OMD) or increased (2D, Buta), and the expressions of <i>Ap2</i> were downregulated (2D, 3D) and <i>Leptin</i> was increased (2D) or decreased (3D), (4-2) all the expressions of four ECM molecules were upregulated in 2D (2D), and in 3D, the expression of <i>Col1</i>, <i>Col4</i> was upregulated. The collective findings reported herein indicate that the addition of an EP2 agonist, OMD or Buta significantly but differently modulate the Rip-induced effects on adipogenesis and the physical properties of 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells.